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Indian Knoll
Indian Knoll is an archaeological site near Paradise, Kentucky that was declared to be a U.S. National Historic Landmark.〔
Excavations of Indian Knoll during The Great Depression,〔 and research of the remains and artifacts in the 1960s-1970s demonstrated that its builders were greatly atypical of inhabitants of Archaic sites.〔Rothschild, Nan A. "(Mortuary Behavior and Social Organization at Indian Knoll and Dickson Mounds )". ''American Antiquity'' 44.4 (1979): 658-675.〕 Archaic peoples were typically egalitarian,〔 but burials at this knoll revealed that the inhabitants were divided into two social groups, irrespective of age or sex, as social class seems the most likely reason for this division.〔
==Background==
The Indian Knoll site, designated 15OH2, is located in the Ohio Valley of west central Kentucky near Green River. This area is known as the "shell mound region" because of the large shell middens, or deposits of shell that were disposed of by the indigenous people that lived there. Though the is evidence of earlier settlement, this area was most heavily occupied from approximately 3000-2000 BC, when the climate and vegetation were nearing modern conditions. This floodplain provided a stable environment, which eventually led to agricultural development early in the late Holocene era.〔 In the early 20th century Clarence Bloomfield Moore was the first to explore a small portion of the land not being used for agricultural purposes. After the farm that occupied the site was destroyed by a flood, the land was opened for further excavation by William Snyder Webb in 1939.〔 The study of this site has contributed towards an understanding of the social complexity of the southeastern cultures of the mid-late Holocene era.
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